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Privacy impact assessment (PIA / EFVP)

The privacy impact assessment is the analysis Quebec Law 25 requires before certain projects involving personal information: acquiring, developing or overhauling a system, and communicating information outside Quebec. It identifies the privacy risks and the measures that reduce them.

Updated on October 4, 2026

What is a privacy impact assessment?

A privacy impact assessment (in French, évaluation des facteurs relatifs à la vie privée, EFVP) is an analysis carried out before a project, to identify the risks it poses to personal information and decide on the measures that reduce them. It is proportionate to the sensitivity of the information, its quantity, its use and its medium.

Why it matters for your organization

Law 25 makes it an obligation, not a good practice. Transfers of information outside Quebec without an assessment are among the most frequent gaps: a cloud service hosted elsewhere, a provider abroad, a tool adopted by a team without going through anyone.

What it contains

  • The project: what it does, which information it involves, who has access.
  • The risks for the individuals concerned.
  • The measures that reduce those risks, and who answers for them.
  • For a transfer outside Quebec: the legal framework of the destination and the contractual safeguards.

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Frequently asked questions

When is a privacy impact assessment mandatory?

Before a project to acquire, develop or overhaul an information system or an electronic service delivery that involves personal information, and before any communication of personal information outside Quebec.

Is it the same as a GDPR impact assessment?

The approach is similar, but the obligation is specific to Quebec and its triggers are not the same. An assessment done for the GDPR does not exempt you from checking what Law 25 requires.